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Investments in early years of education and childhood development are among the most cost-effective and beneficial a country can make to tackle learning poverty, promote healthy child development, and enhance shared prosperity. Over the past two decades, the Government of Indonesia (GoI) has scaled up its commitment to early childhood education and development (ECED) through various educational…
The most significant recent education reform in Indonesia is Merdeka Belajar, officially translated as emancipated learning, which aims to transform the education system into having a more student-centered approach and promote lifelong learning. The reform places a great emphasis on teacher competence, independence, freedom, and ability to teach based on student’s needs, and aims to delegate …
Teach Primary (Teach) is a classroom observation tool developed by the World Bank that has been used in over 30 middle income countries across the world. It captures the quality of teaching practices by measuring (i) time on task: the time teachers spend on learning and the extent to which students are on task, and (ii) the quality of teaching practices measured by three primary areas: Classroo…
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated school closures led to significant learning disruption around the world (Patrinos, 2023; Schady et al, 2023), and there is a need to understand the relationship between this disruption and student learning outcomes in Indonesia. This study builds on a recent World Bank report, and aims to conduct a rigorous and comprehensive analysis of associated factors re…
Since the early 2000s, Indonesia has taken a number of steps to prioritize early childhood development – ranging from the inclusion of Early Childhood Development (ECD) in the National Education System Law No. 20 in 2003 to a Presidential Declaration on Holistic and Integrated ECD and the launch of the country’s first ever ECD Census in 2011. These policy milestones have occurred in paralle…
There is a dynamic and growing energy in Indonesia focusing on parenting education, particularly for low-SES families. However, little is known about parenting styles and related outcomes, much less the coverage and effectiveness of various parenting education approaches. In 2013, the Government of Indonesia commissioned the World Bank to review existing programs and make recommendations to str…
With close to three million teachers, Indonesia has one of the largest and most diverse cadres of teachers in the world. The evolving nature of its education system and the increasingly complex challenges facing individual teachers and the teaching profession as a whole are of immense importance to the nation’s future development. In 2005 the Indonesian government approved a comprehensive Tea…